Electrical panels are an indispensable part of any industrial or civil construction, from power plants to transformer stations, transmission and distribution systems to electricity consumers. It is used as a place to install and protect electrical switching devices and control devices, and is a place to connect and distribute electricity to the construction, ensuring isolation of electrical equipment from electricity users during operation.

WHAT IS AN ELECTRICAL PANEL AND HOW TO DISTINGUISH TYPES OF ELECTRICAL PANELS?

I.What is an electrical panel?

Define: Electrical panels are used to store/contain electrical equipment/equipment panels, and are a product used a lot in daily life. They are not only present in most constructions, factories, hospitals, buildings or even apartment buildings, but they also serve the needs of small to large household businesses. They are usually rectangular or square, depending on the location and purpose of use.

II.Equipment usually found inside electrical panels:

• Any type of electrical panel has a push button, this device is usually designed on the front of the panel for convenient operation and use.

In addition, there is an emergency stop button used in case of a system failure, closing and opening the entire circuit.

• Electromagnetic relays include the following parts: common contact, normally closed contact, normally open contact, coil, magnetic circuit, cover, spring, relay power supply... The function of electromagnetic relays is used in control systems with contacts.
• Contactors are used to close and control motors, machines produced in industry and civil electricity. Switches are often used as switches, opening and closing circuit breakers. A switch is made up of 2 points, there are 2 types of switches: single switches and multi switches. Depending on the purpose of use, we can choose the type of switch that is suitable for each type of switch we need to use.
• Circuit breakers are multi-purpose protection devices, with the function of protecting against short circuits, overloads, leakage currents, and overvoltages. In fact, circuit breakers are mainly used to protect against short circuits and overloads for electric motors. In the current market, especially for electrical engineers, who understand the function of this type of device, circuit breakers are gradually replacing other devices such as switches or fuses, and operate panels better than the other two types. Other protection devices such as thermal relays and phase protection relays.

III.Function of electrical panel:

Electrical panels are an indispensable part of any industrial or civil construction, from power plants to transformer stations, transmission and distribution systems to electricity consumers. It is used as a place to install and protect electrical switching devices and control devices, and is a place to connect and distribute electricity to the construction, ensuring isolation of electrical equipment from electricity users during operation.

Electrical panels can be made of metal or composite panels with different sizes and thicknesses depending on the needs of use. In common applications, electrical cabinets are often painted with smooth or wrinkled electrostatic paint with different colors depending on the field of use or design requirements.

Classification table of the most popular types of electrical panels today:

1. Main Switch Board (MSB)

Main Switch Board is manufactured according to IEC 61439 – 1,2, standard. The cabinet shell is made of galvanized steel and is powder coated. Other parts such as the cabinet cover, side panels and back panels of the cabinet can be easily disassembled to facilitate the user in installation and maintenance. The arrangement of equipment inside the cabinet can be suitable for each customer's needs from the form of the cabinet.

The cabinet is designed for indoor use to distribute electricity to large capacity loads with the advantage of being designed in a modular style placed next to each other to form a power distribution system including the entrance compartment, the sectional compartment and the distribution compartment.

2. Main Distribution Board (MDB)

The MDB electrical cabinet is the main distribution electrical cabinet for the low voltage electrical system. The MDB electrical cabinet usually consists of the main components: main protection devices such as ACB, MCCB; load output protection devices such as ACB, MCCB, MCB, ... In addition, the electrical cabinet can have capacitor compensation modules, protection devices such as overcurrent relay, ground fault relay, overvoltage protection relay, low voltage protection relay, phase protection relay, ...

Typical dimensions of modules (depending on cabinet capacity): W800D2100D800 (mm).

3. Synchronous Panel

The main function of the synchronization panel is that 2 or more generators are used in case of a power failure, the backup generators will automatically start and synchronize and share the load with each other. In addition, the synchronization cabinet also has the function of monitoring the load and deciding the number of generators running according to the load's needs.

The synchronization panel is usually designed to include many compartments, including 1 main control cabinet and independent control panels for each generator. The cabinet has both automatic and manual operating modes. The synchronization panel is integrated with both monitoring and warning functions displayed by warning lines on the LCD, indicator lights or loudspeakers. The panel can be controlled and monitored remotely. Warnings are saved to help the operator easily determine the cause of the problem.

Application: Used in industrial areas such as factories, industrial workshops, commercial centers, office buildings, apartments, hospitals, ports, airports... where there are loads requiring continuous power supply, or areas where there are frequent sudden power outages.

Technical specifications

4. Central Control Panel:

Central Control Panel​​​​​​​ can be supplied in both types:

+ Fixed type

+ Non-fixed type (can be pulled back and forth)

Devices used inside the electrical cabinet such as soft starters, inverters, direct starters, star/delta starters, transformer starters and protection devices, control programming and displays.
The frame and cover of the cabinet are made of galvanized steel and finished with electrostatic paint. The electrical cabinet controls and protects industrial and hydraulic motors. The electrical cabinet has the following operating mechanism:

+ Local or remote operation to turn on/off, reverse the rotation direction of the motors.

+ Local or remote operation to change the rotation speed of the motor.

5. Automatic Transfer Switches​​​​​​​ (ATS):

Electrical panels are used in places where the load requires continuous power supply, to supply power to the load when there is a problem on the grid side, the backup source is usually a generator. In the case of ATS electrical panels, the task is to automatically switch the power supply from the grid to the backup source to supply resistance for the load to operate.

Rated voltage: 380V/415V

– Rated current: 1600A/2000A/2500A/3200A/6300A

Switching time: 5~10

6. Distribution Board (tủ DB):

Electrical panels are designed for use in workshops, factories or to distribute electricity to a floor in a building. Therefore, the distribution panel is designed to be compact, highly aesthetic, safe and convenient to operate.

The DB electrical panel is designed to be standard, creating favorable conditions for selection for use in the project. This panel is divided into blue, red, yellow colors, which will help with easy and convenient installation as well as maintenance and repair work later.

7. Fire protection panels:

Fire protection is an extremely important issue in any field, location: business, school, hospital or even household. The risk of fire and explosion can occur at any time without careful preparation. The birth of fire protection cabinets has made the fire protection system safer and safer.

Operating principle of fire protection electrical panel:

Fire protection electrical panel is set to automatic mode, operating according to a specific process. First, the electrical panel will automatically operate the pressure compensation pump if the fire protection system leaks water. Second, when the fire alarm is activated, the fire hydrant is opened, the fire protection electrical panel will automatically operate the electric pump. Third, the electrical panel automatically operates the gasoline pump, the necessary fuel when the fire alarm is activated, the fire hydrant is opened, and there is a power failure. Finally, the fire protection electrical panel has an automatic charging mechanism and notifies the user of the current battery status.

• Supply voltage 3P-380V
• Phase indicator light
• Measure current, voltage
• Phase loss alarm
• Standard IP20 - IP54
• 2mm thick metal panel, powder coated

8. Lighting control panel:

Lighting control panel is used for lighting systems in public areas such as: streets, urban areas, flower gardens, parks, bridges... or in commercial center

9. Capacitor bank:

The bank is used to compensate for the load in the workshop of production lines, large commercial loads, compensation capacity up to 600kVAR. The method of adjusting the compensation capacity and protecting the capacitor meets the requirements of customers.

BHT is proud to be the leading manufacturer of electrical cabinets and electrical equipment in Vietnam.

BHT specializes in supplying and installing all types of electrical panels. With a team of electrical engineers with many years of experience, we have installed thousands of electrical panels of all types. Providing customers with optimal solutions in office buildings, apartments, hospitals, schools, ports, airports, stadiums, etc.

The size depends on the schematic diagram and will have a suitable design.

• IP20 - IP54 standard
• 2mm thick steel panel, powder coated
• Combined with a time relay that is set to turn on and off lighting equipment within a predetermined period of time.

Coming to BHT, customers will receive:

• Genuine products and components, quick installation
• Competitive prices
• 2-year warranty for all products
• Support consulting on selection, transportation, installation, maintenance, and repair of products on-site for customers.
• Contact us now for the best support and to choose the right electrical panel model for your needs.